Applications of Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)

Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) is the chemical compound Pd[P(C6H5)3]4, often abbreviated Pd(PPh3)4, or even PdP4. It is a bright yellow crystalline solid that becomes brown upon decomposition in air.
Properties
The four P atoms are at the corners of a tetrahedron surrounding the palladium(0) center. This anatomy is archetypal for four-coordinate 18e complexes. The agnate complexes Ni(PPh3)4 and Pt(PPh3)4 are aswell able-bodied known. Such complexes reversibly abstract PPh3 ligands in solution, absolution the 16e M(PPh3)3. Thus, reactions attributed to Pd(PPh3)4 in actuality appear from Pd(PPh3)3 or even Pd(PPh3)2.
Applications
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) is broadly acclimated as a agitator for palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. Prominent applications cover the Heck reaction, Suzuki coupling, Stille coupling, Sonogashira coupling, and Negishi coupling. These processes activate with two alternating ligand dissociations followed by the oxidative accession of an aryl halide to the Pd(0) center:Pd(PPh3)4 + ArBr → PdBr(Ar)(PPh3)2 + 2 PPh3
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